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化学反応式一覧 | 夢を叶える塾
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化学反応式一覧

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原子と分子の結合について、原子と分子のパズルゲームをまずご確認頂けたらと思います。
その上で化学反応式を見て頂けるとわかりやすいのではないかなと思います。

化学反応式

化学反応式を記号として覚えようとしても難しいと思います。
2つの要点を抑えて覚えていけると良いと思います。
ただ、反応自体も覚えておいてください。
例えば「過酸化水素水と二酸化マンガンで水と酸素ができる」みたいな事は、
知らないと解けない問題が出てきます。

電子のやり取り

炭素の燃焼は
C+O_2\rightarrow CO_2
の様に炭素と酸素が結合します。
炭素同士の結びつき、酸素同士の結びつきをばらし、再構築します。
炭素の方は電子が外側に4個で、4つもらえると8個になって安定します。
酸素の方も電子が外側に6個で、2つもらえると8個になって安定します。
ちょうど炭素の4個を2つずつ分けて酸素と共有すると酸素が8個になります。
それぞれの酸素で2個ずつ炭素と共有すると炭素も8個になります。
これで二酸化炭素は安定しますね。

原子の数を合わせる

水の電気分解は
2H_2O\rightarrow 2H_2+O_2
の様に水素と酸素に分解されます。
係数の決め方を押さえておきましょう。

水素と酸素に分解されるので
H_2O\rightarrow H_2+O_2
のような形なわけですが酸素原子の数が右辺で1つ足りないですよね?
左辺の酸素原子を増やすために、
2H_2O\rightarrow H_2+O_2
とすると今度は右辺に水素原子が2つ余りますね?
余った2つの水素原子を水素分子にすれば、
2H_2O\rightarrow 2H_2+O_2
で、左辺と右辺の酸素原子と水素原子の数がそれぞれ合います。

※下記のブタンの燃焼でも解説しています。

化学反応式一覧

ご参考になれば幸いです。
なお、例えば塩化銅などはCuClもあればCuCl_2もあります。
そういう意味でもあくまで参考としてお使いください。

反応化学反応式
銅+硫黄→硫化銅Cu+S\rightarrow CuS
銅+塩素→塩化銅Cu+Cl_2\rightarrow CuCl_2
鉄+硫黄→硫化鉄Fe+S\rightarrow FeS
反応化学反応式
硫黄+酸素→二酸化硫黄S+O_2\rightarrow SO_2
エタノール+酸素→二酸化炭素+水C_2H_5OH+3O_2\rightarrow 2CO_2 + 3H_2O
メタノール+酸素→二酸化炭素+水2CH_3OH+3O_2\rightarrow 2CO_2 + 4H_2O
水素+酸素→水2H_2+O_2\rightarrow 2H_2O
炭素+酸素→二酸化炭素C+O_2\rightarrow CO_2
銅+酸素→酸化銅2Cu+O_2\rightarrow 2CuO
マグネシウム+酸素→酸化マグネシウム2Mg+O_2\rightarrow 2MgO
水素+塩素→塩化水素H_2+Cl_2\rightarrow 2Hcl
窒素+水素→アンモニア(ハーバー・ボッシュ法)N_2+3H_2\rightarrow 2NH_3
メタン+酸素→二酸化炭素+水CH_4+2O_2\rightarrow CO_2+2H_2O
エタン+酸素→二酸化炭素+水2C_2H_6+7O_2\rightarrow 4CO_2+6H_2O
プロパン+酸素→二酸化炭素+水C_3H_8+5O_2\rightarrow 3CO_2+4H_2O
ブタン+酸素→二酸化炭素+水
※リクエストありがとうございます!
2C_4H_{10}+13O_2\rightarrow 8CO_2+10H_2O

補足です。
例えばブタンの燃焼は二酸化炭素と水が出来ます。
これはある程度想像もできるかもしれませんし、覚えてしまった方が良いでしょう。
ただ、係数まで覚える必要はありません。
冒頭の説明二もありますが、係数を決めていきます。

まず、
C_4H_{10}+O_2\rightarrow CO_2+H_2O
だけ書きます。
左辺はC:4,H:10,O:2です。
右辺はC:1,H:2,O:3です。
ここから係数を変え、原子の個数が合うよう調節します。
このときのポイントとして、右辺のOは二カ所出てきますので、先にC,Hからあわせていきましょう。

例えば右辺で不足しているCを左辺の4にあわせてみます。
C_4H_{10}+O_2\rightarrow 4CO_2+H_2O
右辺はC:4,H:2,O:9になりました。
右辺で不足しているHを左辺の10にあわせてみます。
C_4H_{10}+O_2\rightarrow 4CO_2+5H_2O
右辺はC:4,H:10,O:13になりました。

いったん整理します。
C_4H_{10}+O_2\rightarrow 4CO_2+5H_2O
左辺はC:4,H:10,O:2です。
右辺はC:4,H:10,O:13です。
左辺はOが偶数ですが、右辺が奇数になってしまっています。
これは都合が悪いので、Oが偶数になるよう両辺を2倍にします。
2C_4H_{10}+2O_2\rightarrow 8CO_2+10H_2O
左辺はC:8,H:20,O:4です。
右辺はC:8,H:20,O:26です。
左辺で不足しているOを右辺の26にあわせます。
2C_4H_{10}+13O_2\rightarrow 8CO_2+10H_2O
左辺はC:8,H:20,O:26です。
右辺はC:8,H:20,O:26です。
これで完成です。

反応化学反応式
過酸化水素水→水+酸素2H_2O_2\rightarrow 2H_2O +O_2
水→水素+酸素2H_2O\rightarrow 2H_2 +O_2
炭酸水素ナトリウム→炭酸ナトリウム+二酸化炭素+水2NaHCO_3\rightarrow Na_2CO_3 +CO_2 +H_2O
塩化銅→銅+塩素CuCl_2\rightarrow Cu +Cl_2
塩酸→水素+塩素2HCl\rightarrow H_2 +Cl_2
塩化ナトリウム→ナトリウム+塩素2NaCl\rightarrow 2Na +Cl_2
酸化銀→銀+酸素2Ag_2O\rightarrow 4Ag +O_2
反応化学反応式
酸化銅+炭素→銅+二酸化炭素2CuO+C\rightarrow 2Cu+CO_2
酸化銅+水素→銅+水CuO+H_2\rightarrow Cu+H_2O
二酸化炭素+マグネシウム→炭素+酸化マグネシウムCO_2+2Mg\rightarrow C+2MgO
酸化鉄+アルミニウム→酸化アルミニウム+鉄(テルミット反応)Fe_2O_3+2Al\rightarrow Al_2O_3+2Fe
反応化学反応式
塩化アンモニウム+水酸化カルシウム→アンモニア+塩化カルシウム+水2NH_4Cl+Ca(OH)_2\rightarrow 2NH_3+CaCl_2+2H_2O
硫化鉄+塩化水素→塩化鉄+硫化水素FeS+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2S
鉄+塩化水素→塩化鉄+水素Fe+2HCl\rightarrow FeCl_2+H_2
塩化水素+マグネシウム→塩化マグネシウム+水素2HCl+Mg\rightarrow MgCl_2+H_2
塩化水素+炭酸カルシウム(石灰石)→塩化カルシウム+二酸化炭素+水2HCl+CaCO_3\rightarrow CaCl_2+CO_2+H_2O
塩化水素+炭酸水素ナトリウム→塩化ナトリウム+二酸化炭素+水HCl+NaHCO_3\rightarrow NaCl+CO_2+H_2O
炭酸ナトリウム+塩化カルシウム→炭酸カルシウム+塩化ナトリウムNa_2CO_3+CaCl_2\rightarrow CaCO_3+2NaCl
塩化ナトリウム+炭酸カルシウム→炭酸ナトリウム+塩化カルシウム(ソルベー法)
※このような反応が起きるわけではなく、最終的な結果です
2NaCl+CaCO_3\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+CaCl_2
反応化学反応式
塩化水素+水酸化ナトリウム→塩化ナトリウム+水HCl+NaOH\rightarrow NaCl+H_2O
硫酸+水酸化バリウム→硫酸バリウム+水H_2SO_4+Ba(OH)_2\rightarrow BaSO_4+2H_2O
硫酸+水酸化ナトリウム→硫酸ナトリウム+水H_2SO_4+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2SO_4+2H_2O
塩化水素+水酸化バリウム→塩化バリウム+水2HCl+Ba(OH)_2\rightarrow BaCl_2+2H_2O
塩化水素+水酸化カルシウム→塩化カルシウム+水2HCl+Ca(OH)_2\rightarrow CaCl_2+2H_2O
硫酸+水酸化カルシウム→硫酸カルシウム+水H_2SO_4+Ca(OH)_2\rightarrow CaSO_4+2H_2O
塩化水素+アンモニア水→塩化アンモニウム+水HCl+NH_4OH \rightarrow NH_4Cl+H_2O
硫酸+アンモニア水→硫酸アンモニウム+水H_2SO_4+2NH_4OH\rightarrow (NH_4)_2SO_4+2H_2O
硝酸+水酸化ナトリウム→硝酸ナトリウム+水HNO_3+NaOH\rightarrow NaNO_3+H_2O
酢酸+水酸化ナトリウム→酢酸ナトリウム+水CH_3COOH+NaOH\rightarrow CH_3COONa+H_2O
炭酸水+水酸化ナトリウム→炭酸ナトリウム+水H_2CO_3+2NaOH\rightarrow Na_2CO_3+2H_2O

関連

電離式一覧
原子と分子のパズルゲーム

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