Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340
命題のまとめ | 夢を叶える塾
スポンサーリンク

命題のまとめ

ホームページのリニューアルに伴い一部のページは新しいサイトにリダイレクトされます。

 

数学に関する投稿の第6回目です。
こちらは単元のポイントなどをまとめた記事になります。

命題の特徴

式や文章が正しいかどうかを扱うことになります。
命題では、その命題の真偽を判断する問題と、命題が真であることを証明する問題と大きく分けられます。
中学生までの証明は条件を満たすことで証明の問題を解いていたかと思います。
命題の分野をしっかり理解することで、証明までのバリエーションが増えます。

何がうれしいのか

上記の通り証明のバリエーションが増えることがまず挙げられます。
また、物事を推理する根底となる考えが身につきます。
就職活動などで受けるSPI試験でも数式の形ではないですが出題される事があります。

真と偽、仮定と結論、証明と反例

数学の命題の問題で真と偽を問う問題は、仮定と結論で構成されます。
仮定の条件のもと、結論の条件が成り立つかを判断します。
命題が真の場合、なぜその仮定の条件から結論の条件が成り立つかを答える問題と、真だけを答えれば良い問題があります。
命題が偽の場合、反例を答える問題が多いです。
反例を見つけるためには、ある程度極端な値や特殊な値を用いると見つけやすいです。

必要条件と十分条件

命題の「p⇒q」が真であるとき、pはqであるための十分条件、qはpであるための必要条件と言います。
十分条件や必要条件を答える問題では、問題に記載されている「p⇒q」だけでなく、「q⇒p」の真偽も確かめておきましょう。
そうすることで、pはqの必要条件なのか、十分条件なのか、必要十分条件なのかがわかるようになります。

p⇒qq⇒ppはqであるためのqはpであるための
必要十分条件必要十分条件
十分条件必要条件
必要条件十分条件
必要条件でも十分条件でもない必要条件でも十分条件でもない

命題の逆、裏、対偶

命題「p⇒q」に対し、「q⇒p」を逆と言います。
また、「」を裏と言います。
さらに、「」を対偶と言います。
ここで重要なことは命題と対偶の真偽が一致するという点にあります。
つまり、命題の真偽がわからないとき、待遇の真偽がわかれば、元の命題の真偽もわかります。
問題に書いてある通りの命題が真であることを証明することを正攻法とすると、この対偶が真であることを証明することは裏技になるかもしれません。
驚くほど証明が簡単になる問題もあります。

背理法

命題が偽であると仮定し、その矛盾を導くことで命題が真であることを証明する証明方法を背理法と言います。
こちらも対偶同様に、証明が簡単になる問題があります。

まとめ

命題は基礎の単元になりますが、証明問題が多くなります。
演習問題では正答率8割以上を目指し、特に証明ではない反例を示す問題等で確実に得点できるようになると良いと思います。
また、証明問題も問題の通りの事を証明するのではなく、対偶や背理法も積極的に使っていくと得点しやすいと思います。

シェアする

  • このエントリーをはてなブックマークに追加

フォローする

にほんブログ村 地域生活(街) 東北ブログへ にほんブログ村 地域生活(街) 東北ブログ 米沢情報へ にほんブログ村 教育ブログへ にほんブログ村 教育ブログ 塾教育へ
スポンサーリンク