Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340
順番を固定された場合の数の問題の解法 | 夢を叶える塾
スポンサーリンク

順番を固定された場合の数の問題の解法

ホームページのリニューアルに伴い一部のページは新しいサイトにリダイレクトされます。

 

順番を固定された場合の数の問題です。

問題

A,B,C,D,E,Fの6人を縦一列に並び替えます。
ただし、諸事情により、AはBよりも前に、BはCよりも前に並ぶ必要があります。
このとき並び方は何通りあるか求めなさい。

解き方

順序が一部固定されているときは、その固定された順序をもつ元を同じものとみなす考え方が使えます
同じものとみなして順列を求めて、あるべき順序ではめ込めば良い、という考え方です。

固定された並びの間に残りの元をはめ込んでも良いですね

解説

A,B,C,D,E,Fの6人を縦一列に並び替えます。
ただし、諸事情により、AはBよりも前に、BはCよりも前に並ぶ必要があります。
このとき並び方は何通りあるか求めなさい。

まず、解き方にある前者の考え方で求めていきましょう。
今回であればA→B→Cが固定された順序を持っています。
A,B,Cを全てXとして考えます。
つまり、X,X,X,D,E,Fの並び方です。

これは重複したもののある順列ですね。
X,X,X,D,E,Fの6人を6人と思って並べると_6P_6=6\times 5\times 4\times 3\times 2\times 1=720通りです。
X_1,X_2,X_3,D,E,FX_1,X_3,X_2,D,E,Fを別の並びとして計上しています。
X,X,X,D,E,Fとして、X_1,X_2,X_3の3人を並べた6通り分を計上しています。
6倍カウントしていることになるので6で割る必要があります。
つまり720\div 6 =120通りです。

ここからX,X,XをA,B,Cに戻します。
例えばD,X,X,F,E,Xなどであれば、D,A,B,F,E,Cになります。
A,B,Cには順序性があるので、XをA,B,Cに戻すとその戻し方が1通りになります。
384通りのX,X,X,D,E,Fの並びにA,B,C,D,E,Fの並びが1対1に対応します。
故に、A,B,C,D,E,Fの並び方は120通りになります。

さて、次に固定された並びA,B,Cの間にD,E,Fを埋め込む考え方で求めてみましょう。

まず、A,B,Cの間と両端で4箇所埋める候補があります。
3つの元を4箇所に埋めるので、4^3=64通りです。
この埋め方では、D,E,Fの順序性を考えていないため、
A,(D,E,F,)B,CのE,Fを入れ替えたA,(D,F,E,)B,Cとの区別がついていません
この区別をつけていきます。

D,E,Fが1箇所に埋め込まれた上記のようなケースから考えます。
これは4箇所で発生します。
元々64通り中4通りとして計上していたことになります。
それぞれに3つの元を並べる並べ方が考えられます。
本来は4\times _3P_3=4\times 3\times 2\times 1=24通りで計上するものになります。
従って、24-4=20通りを追加で計上する必要があります。

D,E,Fが2箇所に埋め込まれ、2個,1個で埋め込まれたケースを考えます。
これは_4P_2=4\times 3=12通り発生します。
12通りに対して、DEとF,DFとE,EFとDという3つの組が考えられるので、36通りとして計上していたものになります。
DEとFのときはDEとD,EDとFという2通りの順序があり,DFとE,EFとDも同様です。
本来は2\times 36=72通りで計上するものになります。
従って、72-36=36通りを追加で計上する必要があります。

D,E,Fが3箇所に埋め込まれ、1個,1個,1個で埋め込まれたケースを考えます。
これは_4P_3=4\times 3\times 2=24通り発生し、24通りとして計上しています。

1箇所が4通り、2箇所が36通り、3箇所が24通りの計上で64通りでした。
ここに1箇所で20通り、2箇所が36通りを追加で計上する必要があります。
従って64+20+36=120通りが、求める答えになります。

終わりに

場合の数の問題は色々な考え方があります。
問題によってどの考え方が使えるのかがわからないと手を付けられないことがあるかもしれません。
正しい考えに基づいて考えれば多少泥臭くても通り数を求める事はできると思います。
「余分なものまで計上してしまっている」
「考慮不足があって未計上」
が無ければ正しい答えにたどり着けると思います。
時間配分には気を付けて、思いついたやり方があれば答えまで諦めずにたどり着きましょう。

にほんブログ村 地域生活(街) 東北ブログへ にほんブログ村 地域生活(街) 東北ブログ 米沢情報へ にほんブログ村 教育ブログへ にほんブログ村 教育ブログ 塾教育へ
スポンサーリンク