Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340

Warning: preg_replace(): Compilation failed: invalid range in character class at offset 4 in /home/hitowomusubu/www/wp/wp-content/plugins/crayon-syntax-highlighter/crayon_langs.class.php on line 340
漸化式の問題解き方まとめ | 夢を叶える塾
スポンサーリンク

漸化式の問題解き方まとめ

ホームページのリニューアルに伴い一部のページは新しいサイトにリダイレクトされます。

 

数列の漸化式の問題はパターンがいくつかあります。
4つのパターンと隣接三項間についてはそれぞれを理解しておいた方が良いでしょう。

漸化式4つのパターン

以下の4つに帰着させます。

漸化式数列のタイプ
a_{n+1}=a_n+d等差数列
a_{n+1}=ra_n等比数列
a_{n+1}=a_n+f(n)f(n)が階差数列の一般項
a_{n+1}=pa_n+qpのn乗に関する項と定数項

更に隣接三項間の漸化式の場合もあります。
「pのn乗に関する項と定数項」もそうですが、こちらも等比数列の亜種です。
これらは一度解法を理解しておかないと中々等比数列に帰着させることが難しいと思います。

帰着させるパターン

いくつか紹介します。

項をずらした漸化式の差をとる

a_{n+1}=pa_{n}+f(n)とします。
nをn+1に置き換えてa_{n+2}=pa_{n+1}+f(n+1)が得られます。
これらの2式の差を取ります。
a_{n+2}-a_{n+1}=pa_{n+1}-pa_{n}+f(n+1)-f(n)
a_{n+2}-a_{n+1}=p(a_{n+1}-a_{n})+f(n+1)-f(n)
b_n=a_{n+1}-a{n}とすれば、
b_{n+1}=pb_n+f(n+1)-f(n)
になります。
これが4つのパターンとなれば解けますね。
なお、単純な差でなく、何倍かして差をとったり和をとったりすることもできます。
f(n+1)-f(n)がきれいに消えて定数になればうれしいですね。

p^nを掛ける、割る

a_{n+1}=pa_{n}+f(n)とします。
例えばs^nを掛けます。
s^na_{n+1}=s^npa_n-s^nf(n)
になります。
これが4つのパターンとなれば解けますね。

例えば、これが
t^{n+1}a_{n+1}=t^na_n-g(n)
のような形になれば、
b_n=t^na_n
とすることで
b_{n+1}=b_n-g(n)
になるかもしれません。
これは階差数列から求める漸化式の問題です。
あるいは、
t^{n+1}a_{n+1}=qt^na_n-r
のような形になるかもしれません。
b_n=t^na_n
とすることで
b_{n+1}=qb_n-r
になるかもしれません。
これは等比数列と定数項の和になる漸化式の問題です。

g(n)を掛ける、割る

先のp^ng(n)=p^nとしたこのパターンの一種です。
a_{n+1}=f(n)a_{n}+qとします。
例えばg(n)を掛けます。
g(n)a_{n+1}=f(n)g(n)a_n-qg(n)
になります。
これが4つのパターンとなれば解けますね。

例えば、これが
h(n+1)a_{n+1}=h(n)a_n-qg(n)
のような形になれば、
b_n=h(n)a_n
とすることで
b_{n+1}=b_n-qg(n)
になるかもしれません。
これは階差数列から求める漸化式の問題です。

逆数、対数をとる

こちらは具体的な例をご覧いただいたほうが良いと思います。
逆数をとる例としては等差数列になる漸化式の問題の解法の応用問題をご確認ください。
対数をとる例としては等比数列になる漸化式の問題の解法の応用問題をご確認ください。
いずれも「逆数をとるパターンは等差数列になる」、「対数をとるパターンは等比数列になる」という訳ではありません。
少し値や係数が変われば帰着されるパターンも変わります。
帰着させるための1つの方針になります。

例外

稀に例外もあります。
例えばa_{n+1}=f(n)a_nのような形。
a_n=f(n-1)a_{n-1}です。
a_{n+1}=f(n)f(n-1)a_{n-1}になります。
これを続けていくと、
a_{n+1}=f(n)f(n-1)f(n-2)...f(2)f(1)a_1
となります。

4つのパターンにする事も大切ですが、こんなこともあることは覚えておきましょう。

終わりに

数列のこれらのパターンは色々な組み合わせの問題が作れそうですね。
沢山楽しめます。
ワクワクしますね。

にほんブログ村 地域生活(街) 東北ブログへ にほんブログ村 地域生活(街) 東北ブログ 米沢情報へ にほんブログ村 教育ブログへ にほんブログ村 教育ブログ 塾教育へ
スポンサーリンク